Staging Area & Commits and Pull, Push in Github

 

Staging Area & Commits

Creating a Commit

Working Directory

We shall refer the project folder as Working Directory.

Let’s add two files

alice.txt

and

bob.txt

to our working directory.

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touch alice.txt

touch bob.txt

Git’s View of Repository

Inspecting a Repository

Git tracks the changes in the working directory.

• git status
   shows the changes in the working directory

Making Changes

Added some content to

alice.txt

and

bob.txt

files.

alice.txt:

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Hi

What about your learning

Is it going good?

bob.txt:

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2

Hi

What's your name?

Steps in Creating a Commit

1. Add changes to the staging area.

2. Creating a commit with changes in staging area.

Step 1: Adding Changes To Staging Area

git add

adds the changes to the staging area.

Syntax :

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git add file_path

Example :

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git add alice.txt

Step 2: Committing Changes

commit

is a snapshot of the project's currently staged changes.

Syntax :

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git commit -m "message"

Here

message

provide useful information about what has changed and why.

Example :

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git commit -m "adds alice file"

Listing all commits

git log

lists all commits.

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git log

Sample output :

Here HEAD refers to the current commit.

Commit Id

Commit IDs are unique strings(hashes) that are created whenever a new commit is recorded.

8f00aaa0248bcdc38a8d8ba6267167a0478f5a63

is commit id in above Example .

Unstaged Changes

git diff

shows the unstaged changes.

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git diff

Sample output :

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diff --git a/alice.txt b/alice.txt

index e69de29..35dc461 100644

--- a/alice.txt

+++ b/alice.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@

+Hi

+What about your learning

+It’s going good

Uncommitted Changes

git diff --staged

shows the staged and uncommitted changes.

Working with Remote Repository

Pushing Commits

git push

command is used to publish new commits from local to a remote repository.

Syntax :

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git push -u origin master

Warning

From August 12, 2021, Github has disabled authentication of

git clone

,

git push

and

git pull

commands with password. You need to create a personal access token and use it for

git

commands instead of password. The steps to create your personal access token are mentioned in this link: Creating a Personal Access Token

You can also edit file and commit changes through github Website

Editing File

• Click on the file you want to edit.

  

• Click on pencil icon to open editor :

  

Commit Changes

To commit changes click on Commit changes .

Get Commit Link

To share specific link of a commit, follow below steps:

• Click on commits to view all commits.

  

• Click on commit id of commit you want to share.

  

• Copy the url and share.

  

Pull Commits

git pull

is used to pull latest commits from a remote repository to your local repository.

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git pull origin master

Warning

From August 12, 2021, Github has disabled authentication of

git clone

,

git push

and

git pull

commands with password. You need to create a personal access token and use it for

git

commands instead of password. The steps to create your personal access token are mentioned in this link: Creating a Personal Access Token